![]() The valence electrons are held closer towards the nucleus of the atom. This means that the nucleus attracts the electrons more strongly, pulling the atom's shell closer to the nucleus. The effect of increasing proton number is greater than that of the increasing electron number therefore, there is a greater nuclear attraction. However, at the same time, protons are being added to the nucleus, making it more positively charged. This is because, within a period or family of elements, all electrons are added to the same shell. A key concept in a discussion of chemical bonding is that of the molecule. Atomic radius patterns are observed throughout the periodic table.Ītomic size gradually decreases from left to right across a period of elements. The type of bond that is most likely to occur between two atoms can be predicted on the basis of the location of the elements in the periodic table, and to some extent the properties of the substances so formed can be related to the type of bonding. The covalent radii of these molecules are often referred to as atomic radii. Nevertheless, it is possible for a vast majority of elements to form covalent molecules in which two like atoms are held together by a single covalent bond. Some are bound by covalent bonds in molecules, some are attracted to each other in ionic crystals, and others are held in metallic crystals. However, this idea is complicated by the fact that not all atoms are normally bound together in the same way. The atomic radius is one-half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms (just like a radius is half the diameter of a circle). This is caused by the increase in atomic radius. Electron affinity decreases from top to bottom within a group.This is caused by the decrease in atomic radius. Electron affinity increases from left to right within a period.This causes the electron to move closer to the nucleus, thus increasing the electron affinity from left to right across a period. Moving from left to right across a period, atoms become smaller as the forces of attraction become stronger. With a larger distance between the negatively-charged electron and the positively-charged nucleus, the force of attraction is relatively weaker. This means that an added electron is further away from the atom's nucleus compared with its position in the smaller atom. ![]() Similarly, as we proceed across the row, the increasing nuclear charge is not effectively neutralized by the electrons being added to the 2 s and 2 p orbitals.\( \newcommand\): Periodic Table showing Electron Affinity TrendĮlectron affinity generally decreases down a group of elements because each atom is larger than the atom above it (this is the atomic radius trend, discussed below). Consequently, beryllium is significantly smaller than lithium. This means that the effective nuclear charge experienced by the 2 s electrons in beryllium is between +1 and +2 (the calculated value is +1.66). ![]() (More detailed calculations give a value of Z eff = +1.26 for Li.) In contrast, the two 2 s electrons in beryllium do not shield each other very well, although the filled 1 s 2 shell effectively neutralizes two of the four positive charges in the nucleus. Thus the single 2 s electron in lithium experiences an effective nuclear charge of approximately +1 because the electrons in the filled 1 s 2 shell effectively neutralize two of the three positive charges in the nucleus. Although electrons are being added to the 2 s and 2 p orbitals, electrons in the same principal shell are not very effective at shielding one another from the nuclear charge. All have a filled 1 s 2 inner shell, but as we go from left to right across the row, the nuclear charge increases from +3 to +10. The atoms in the second row of the periodic table (Li through Ne) illustrate the effect of electron shielding. The greater the effective nuclear charge, the more strongly the outermost electrons are attracted to the nucleus and the smaller the atomic radius.Ītomic radii decrease from left to right across a row and increase from top to bottom down a column. For all elements except H, the effective nuclear charge is always less than the actual nuclear charge because of shielding effects. \( \newcommand\)) experienced by electrons in the outermost orbitals of the elements. ![]()
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![]() While it’s disappointing that Jack in the Box onion rings aren’t vegan, don’t despair! There are plenty of delicious vegan alternatives that offer that same satisfying crunch without compromising your vegan lifestyle. Vegan Alternatives to Jack in the Box Onion Rings They contribute to the taste profile of the onion rings. Spices are derived from plants and are thus vegan. This is the non-vegan and non-cruelty-free ingredient that disqualifies these onion rings from a vegan diet. Whey, unfortunately, is a by-product of cheese production, a dairy-based process. ![]() It adds the necessary flavor to the onion rings. It is used in frying the onion rings to perfection. Vegetable oil, sourced from a variety of plants, is an essential vegan ingredient. It gives the onion rings their firm and crunchy exterior. Wheat flour, derived from wheat grain, is a vegan-friendly ingredient. They provide the distinctive flavor and texture that make these rings so popular. Onions are a plant-based food item, naturally vegan, and play the starring role in onion rings. To fully understand why these onion rings are not vegan or cruelty-free, let’s dive deep into the list of their ingredients: What Are Jack in the Box Onion Rings Made Of? Dairy production involves animal exploitation, which conflicts with the principles of a cruelty-free lifestyle. Are Jack in the Box Onion Rings Cruelty-Free?ĭue to the inclusion of dairy-derived whey in their recipe, Jack in the Box’s onion rings cannot be deemed as cruelty-free. You can get a vegan veggie burger at most places, and a lot of french fries are vegan, though not all. Still, there are plenty of vegan options at restaurants these days. A peek into their ingredients reveals the presence of whey, a dairy product, rendering these deliciously crispy treats unsuitable for those following a strictly vegan diet. Regrettably, Jack in the Box onion rings are not vegan. Vegan Alternatives to Jack in the Box Onion Rings.What Are Jack in the Box Onion Rings Made Of?. ![]() Are Jack in the Box Onion Rings Cruelty-Free?.Are Jack in the Box’s Onion Rings Vegan?. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() He has been recognized by “The Morning Knights Toastmasters Award” for Excellence in Communication and Leadership. Battisti is Executive Vice President and Chief Academic Officer at the State University of New York at Broome Community College, where he was the 2011 Recipient of the State University of New York Distinguished Professorship for Service and a 1989 Recipient of the State University of New York Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in Teaching. His national reputation in the fields of motivation, health enhancement, long-term care, and conflict disposition is manifest in his work with numerous corporations, major health-care organizations, and congressional, as well as governmental committees, with his workshops having been offered throughout the United States, Europe, Canada and the Caribbean.ĭr. Battisti, offers individuals and organizations a pathway to explore their potential and move toward desired transformation. Noted educator, speaker, consultant, and author, Dr. She and her husband Kevin just welcomed their first child, Chloe Webb, into the world and they look forward to continuing to help people and giving back to their community. Mandy is now the co-owner of KW Fitness Personal Training, which has been in business for 5 years and has locations in both Vestal and Fayetteville NY. This inspired Mandy to begin writing an e-book about being successful at sales without being “salesy”. She almost didn’t get a job in sales for another company when she left her previous career because 2 mutual acquaintances with the sales manager said Mandy was “too nice” and “not aggressive enough to cold call”, yet when she was hired, she became their top new business rep for the year. She was promoted to Executive District Manager, where she was responsible for training hundreds of college students and young adults to be successful in sales, with the philosophy that “you don’t have to be a salesperson to make a sale”. She was the top sales rep for a Multi-Million Dollar Marketing Corporation and is still one of their all time career sales reps, even after leaving the company over 5 years ago. KW Fitness Personal Webb has had a career in sales since she was 19. They have an 10 year-old son, Bobby, who just started middle school.Īndy is a proud member of Corning Rotary and the Corning Area Chamber of Commerce. His wife is a Biology teacher at the Corning-Painted Post High School. The Corning-Painted Post School District.In addition, he has done trainings for organizations in Orlando, Florida and Shanghai, China. He does dozens of workshops and trainings each year throughout the Southern Tier with many of them being sponsored by the Corning Area Chamber of Commerce. He is a Certified Trainer in Crucial Conversations, DiSC, Emotional Intelligence, Developing High Performance Teams, Improving Employee Engagement and Coaching for Behavioral Change. Claim your free trial by calling 60 or visiting us online to learn how Synergy has created a unique and personalized fitness experience that truly fits around your schedule.Īndy is an Internationally Certified Executive and Leadership Coach receiving his formal training at the College of Executive Coaching in St. We provide busy people with a guided, meaningful workout they can use to stay healthy and renew their energy. Our team will go above and beyond to be sure you reach your goals inside and outside the gym with our VIP Facebook page and weekly emails and reminders, you’ll be crushing goals faster than ever! Got your back promise - There’s 23 hours a day where you aren’t with our team. Since all the workouts are personalized, you may arrive whenever you like during our hours and your 60 minutes will start. Life happens scheduling - You may move your sessions around day to day without penalty because let’s face it, life happens. Simply show up, and we take it from there! While at a group class value, this is not a class where you’re tossed in to do the same workout as everyone else with no consideration of goals or health history. Personalized - Our team will design and guide you through your own custom session. The crazy thing is, no matter your starting point, it works! Here’s why: Discover our unique Personalized Fitness Experience that has members all over New York getting results they never thought achievable! It’s like having your own personal trainer, at a group fitness value. ![]() ![]() ![]() In addition, the Advanced Keymapping and Instance Manager features are more intuitive and user-friendly than ever, enabling you to work more efficiently and conveniently.īlueStacks 5 requires a PC or Mac with at least 4 GB of RAM. Its sleek and modern interface is designed to provide a seamless mobile experience on a larger screen. So whether you’re responding to emails while working on a project or using different apps simultaneously, BlueStacks has covered you.īlueStacks 5, the latest software version, is faster and lighter than ever, making it the perfect solution for productivity-focused users. ![]() It lets you run multiple apps or tools simultaneously on a single machine, enabling you to multitask like a pro. 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Click and Play instantly!Īre you tired of constantly switching between your mobile device and computer to access your favorite productivity apps? Do you want to work more efficiently and conveniently on a larger screen without investing in a separate device? Say hello to BlueStacks!īlueStacks is a powerful Android emulator software that lets you run Android applications on your computer or laptop, making it the perfect solution for productivity-focused users. You can also Play Solitaire - Classic Card Games in your browser on your PC or mobile without downloading. Incomplete games are automatically saved for you to pick up where you left off. Hints are available to guide you, making the game enjoyable for all skill levels. The Click & Draw function makes moving cards effortless with a simple click. Solitaire Card game features include multiple language options catering to players worldwide, the choice between drawing one or three cards from the deck at a time to tailor the game to your preference, customization options for left or right-handed play, various background choices, and cards with distinct face styles. Solitaire holds a special place in the hearts of card game enthusiasts globally. Join the ranks of over 10 million users who have embraced our Solitaire Card Game. Whether you have fond memories of playing classic Solitaire on your PC or are new to the game, you can now enjoy it on your phone or tablet, online or offline, for free. This timeless card game, also known as Klondike, Patience, or Soli, has been a favorite among single-player card game enthusiasts worldwide. Take a moment to relax and enjoy classic solitaire card games on your mobile device. BlueStacks app player is the best platform to play this Android game on your PC or Mac for an immersive gaming experience. Solitaire – Classic Card Games is a card game developed by nerByte GmbH. ![]() ![]() This free, printable weekly meal planner with a grocery list PDF template complements meal planning with a stunning floral pattern. It provides sections for each day of the week, including breakfast, lunch, supper, and snacks, allowing you to plan your meals for the entire week.įloral Meal Weekly Planner with Grocery List ![]() With its streamlined and user-friendly layout, this template makes meal planning simple. It has an organized layout, and you can also allocate time to cook each dish so you are in the notes so you don’t have to rush through meal preparations. This meal-planning template is perfect for minimalists. It offers spaces below each week of the day where you can list down all the intended dishes you want to cook on that day. The weekly meal plan template is simple yet elegant in its look. Here are some weekly meal planner templates that include a grocery list section, allowing you to plan your meals for the week while keeping track of the necessary ingredients: Samples of Free Weekly Meal Planner Pdf Templates with Grocery List It's simple design makes meal planning easier. With daily divisions and food planning space, the design lets you focus on the fundamentals. This simple weekly meal planner template is stylish and functional. This template makes family meal planning fun with its interactive style. It lets you quickly plan meals for the whole family, considering everyone's preferences and dietary needs. You can include Family-friendly meal parts in the template. This weekly meal planner template is ideal for families planning meals. Customize the template to fit your meal planning habit with its adjustable style. It has tabs to add Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner, Snacks and Water Intake checks. It offers a tidy layout for weekly food planning. This customizable weekly meal schedule is flexible. After customizing your meals for the week, please print off the template and put it in your kitchen for reference. Its stylish and legible typography makes it a practical pick. Find your perfect type, style, and color. ![]() This weekly food planner will brighten up your meal-planning routine! This colorful template makes weekly food planning fun. This flexibility ensures that the planner aligns perfectly with your meal planning goals. You can modify the sections, add or remove columns, or make any necessary adjustments to suit your unique dietary needs or preferences. Once you've decided on the meals you want to prepare for the week, this template allows you to easily customize it according to your preferences. With its straightforward layout and user-friendly design, you'll find that planning your meals becomes less time-consuming and more enjoyable. This weekly nutrition planner is designed to simplify your meal planning process and make it effortless. Let's take a look at these templates for planning your weekly meals: Here are several free weekly meal plan templates that you can save as PDF files. Samples of Free Weekly Meal Planner Pdf Templates With a weekly meal planner template, you can quickly and easily develop and print a well-organized meal plan that fits your dietary requirements and preferences. It offers an organized style where you may list your meal suggestions, recipes, and necessary ingredients. ![]() Accuracy, balance, calorie (energy) control, nutrient density, moderation, and diversity are what they are all about.Ī weekly meal planner template is an effective tool for helping people or families plan their meals for the whole week. Focusing on six principles makes it possible to attain the overall goal of raising the standard of household food consumption. Try making burger patties, a big batch of spaghetti sauce or chili, chicken marinade bags, or casseroles.Free Download What is a Weekly Meal Planner Template?Ī weekly meal planner template is a food diary that helps you plan your meals for a week. You can also try making some freezer meals, so you don’t have to cook a full meal each night. You could even do your grocery shopping every two weeks instead of going once a week, since you have your meal plan ready for the next two weeks.Ī rotating meal plan can work for breakfast and lunch, too! Speaking of groceries, having a rotating meal plan makes grocery shopping so much easier! Since you will be preparing the same meals every two weeks, your grocery list will be about the same, as well. I prefer to be very specific, so I know what groceries I need to have. Or, you can be more general and plan a chicken pasta night and make something with what you have on hand. Plan the exact meals and sides so you know exactly what groceries to buy and exactly what you are going to make. You can be as specific or general in your meal plan as you like. ![]() ![]() ![]() Some simple activity ideas for teaching children to break apart words into syllables could include: There are lots of different ways to practice syllable skills with kindergarten students. Rather than focusing on the individual sounds in these words (the smallest unit of sound in words is called a phoneme), we are focusing on beat of the words. For example, the word cat has a single vowel sound and is one syllable, and the word rocket has two vowel sounds and two syllables. When beginning syllable counting with younger children, kindergarten teachers should start with simple words: CVC words (1-syllable words with short vowels) and compound words (2-syllable words). Syllable practice involves breaking up the spoken word into smaller chunks. Syllable Games and Syllable Activities Start with CVC words and Compound Words (short words) ![]() This blog post contains word lists for one-syllable words (monosyllabic words), two-syllable words, three-syllable words and four-syllable words, as well as a range of free resources, fun activities and hands-on ways for kindergarten kids to learn about syllables. There are lots of fun syllable activities to teach young children and consolidate an understanding of syllables. In the word caterpillar, the jaw drops four times (4 syllables).In the word butterfly, the jaw drops three times (3 syllables).In the word finger, the jaw drops twice (2 syllables).In the word hat, the jaw drops once (1 syllable).Help students to notice that their jaw drops for each vowel sound. Quick tip: get students to place their hand under their chin, and count the number of times their jaw drops as they say a word. The jaw drops open when the vowel in a syllable is spoken. All syllables are organised around a vowel sound. A spoken syllable is a unit of speech organised around a vowel sound. Syllables are the building blocks of multisyllabic words. When young learners are struggling readers, I will always recommend that teachers go back to finding any gaps in a child's phonological and phonemic awareness. closed syllable, open syllables) to students we equip them to be able to read longer words accurately, and to successfully segment those words in order to spell them. ![]() By explicitly teaching syllables and the different types of syllables (e.g. Students need strategies for chunking longer words into more manageable parts. It also supports writing development, as the ability to successfully break a word into syllables helps students to spell words correctly. Syllabification supports reading development as it helps to speed up the process of decoding. Learning how to chunk words into syllables is an important pre-reading skill and an important stepping stone to developing effective reading skills and writing skills. Why is understanding the concept of syllables an important skill? It then moves onto the ability to identify syllables and rhyme. Phonological awareness begins with an understanding of words and hearing gaps between words. Children who have phonological awareness are able to identify and make oral rhymes, can clap out the number of syllables in a word, and can recognise words with the same initial sounds (e.g. Students cannot do in print what they are unable to do orally. Science of reading research indicates that phonological awareness skills and phonemic awareness skills are vital for learning to read and spell. Keep reading for activity ideas and word lists for 1 syllable words, 2 syllable words, 3 syllable words and 4 syllable words! ![]() ![]() Download this customizable PowerPoint graphic to emphasize the tone of the message. Gather information from reports, charts, and data and present it clearly to your audience with this visually appealing PPT diagram. Share your content marketing, and sales plan with your team to accelerate business growth using this unique PowerPoint template. Put across your message with the help of this eye-grabbing PPT layout effectively. Throw light on the essential points using this professionally designed PowerPoint template. Help your audience understand challenging theories and concepts with this PPT design. 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Your audience must comprehend and acknowledge your point of view without interruptions. ![]() Due to this reason, we tend to run away from deep and dense conversations. ![]() We find them challenging, dull, and inconclusive. Humans are prone to negating complex discussions, data, information, etc. ![]() ![]() ![]() It tells us that the intensity of light that passes through a polarizer, I, usually measured. When the unpolarized light with Intensity $I_o$ is passed through the first filter, its Intensity $I_1$ after polarization will be reduced to half of its initial value. The formula for final intensity of light through three polarizers can be derived using the Malus law, which states that the intensity of light passing through a polarizer is proportional to the cosine squared of the angle between the polarizer and the incident light. Maluss Law is an equation that tells us how much dimmer the light is after going through a polarizer. ![]() In summary, the transmitted intensity through all three polarizers is equal to the initial intensity (I0) multiplied by the cosines of the angles between each successive polarizer, starting with the angle of the incident light and ending with the angle of the final polarizer. So the angle $\theta$ between initial polarization direction and polarizer axis will be: In summary: So the transmitted intensity through all three polarizers is given by I I0cos2(33)cos2(54)cos2(46). The Angle between Filter Axis and Vertical $\phi\ =\ 60.0°$ When an unpolarized light passes through a polarizer, the intensity of light is reduced to half irrespective of the axis of polarization. $\theta\ =$ Angle between initial polarization direction and polarizer axis Write an equation for the angle between the polarizers in terms of the initial (10) and the final (12) intensities Find the angle between the polarizers in degrees. This page titled 4.1: Polarized Light and the Stokes Parameters is shared under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Jeremy Tatum via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the. For partially polarized light, return to the main text. What is the intensity of the light after it passes through the first polarizer in W/m2 b. This equation is valid for totally polarized light. Read more Calculate the frequency of each of the following wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. After passing through one polarizing sheet, the intensity of initially unpolarized light would be knocked down to ½ its initial value. After passing through both polarizers the intensity is 12 180 W/m2 a. ![]() ![]() Some sections of roof are smaller than others, so you won’t collect as much rain. Placementįiguring out where to setup your rain barrel is important. Heavy bits dangle from the plastic screen, causing damage to the screen. They tape the hardware to the inside of this screen, so it flops around during shipping, and thus damages the plastic screen. Other than these small nits, the thing looks nice, and was pretty easy to set up. Unboxing it I noted two things, the bottom was slightly uneven (probably will flatted out when full of water), and the screen on the top was cracked because the manufacturer tapes the hardware bits to hang inside the barrel off the screen (so it’s flopping around during transit, putting stress on the screen). ![]() I got the Good Ideas Rain Barrel, Light Granite. A company called Good Ideas seems to have a multitude of decorative rain barrels to choose from. I went to Amazon first (of course) in search of something appropriate. Why not catch some of it for emergency use? The rain streams off my roof in literal torrents. ![]() Houston has epic rainfall most every year. But it’d be a good idea to check your local laws before going forward with your rain catching plans.Īfter my recent experience I decided to try setting up a rain barrel. Apparently, only Colorado and Utah have regulations governing this according to this website. If you want to learn more about home cisterns, check out this detailed article form Penn State Extension.Ĭollecting rainwater is legal or unregulated, and often encouraged in nearly all states. Don’t know if they are any good, but I liked looking at their website. Collecting rainwater can range from a simple bucket under a gutter downspout, to rain barrels, to a dedicated underground cistern. If you live in a house, then there is a lot more you can do, namely catching rainwater. Prepping for morning coffee in the dark, backpacking stove, AeroPress and hand grinder. If you live in an apartment or otherwise rent or can’t make changes to your dwelling, then having a few large water containers you can fill up could come in very handy, as well as a means to purify your water. Part of the solution is to stock up on water just before disaster strikes. Some of the disasters that threaten the power grid or quality of the water supply directly, include: forest fires, as happened in California where parts of the grid had to be shut-down due to fire risk flooding and extreme rain, as happens all over large parts of the US quite frequently hurricane force winds, mostly along the eastern and southern seaboard and of course long-term droughts, which are expected to get worse over large parts of the western US. Anything that threatens the power grid or the water quality itself can cause water pumping stations to shut down. It’s not only cold snaps that can threaten your water supply, but any of a multitude of climate and weather related possibilities. But, when you go to the bathroom and flush the toilet and the tank doesn’t fill back up, well then you start to get concerned. I had stocked up plenty of drinking water, and I have several different ways to purify water, so that wasn’t a huge concern. We were also under a water boil advisory for almost two weeks. However, the more concerning thing was that there was no water for two days, and very low water pressure for another three. My house lost power for a day, which wasn’t too bad as the worst of the cold had passed. ![]() Places that have never experienced such cold weather and are poorly adapted for these conditions, will be caught off guard. This winter we had an epic cold snap in usually warm and sunny Texas, paradoxically the kind that will be more common in an energetic and warming climate. ![]() ![]() It will stabilize the fabric a bit and make it less see through so you can't see the messy stitches in the back. This modern day hand embroidery sampler uses a. *Optional Interfacing - Interfacing is a thin fabric which can be adhered to the back of your fabric after you have traced your pattern onto it. Embroidered samplers were traditionally a means for stitchers to learn and perfect embroidery skills. Create your own embroidery patterns with these six online tools. A mechanical pencil or pencil with a fine sharp tip.Ĩ. Watch 14 free hand embroidery tutorials to learn how to prep your hoop, transfer designs, and more. A sharp little pair of embroidery scissors.ħ. You will want to have extra overhanging fabric around the embroidery hoop so that you can pull it nice and taut in the embroidery hoop but also to finish it at the end.ĥ. I use a piece that is about 7 x 7 inches. Needles A few fine needles suitable for embroidery. Light colored cotton is great for this project since it is transparent which makes it good for tracing. This embroidery design is 6×6 inches and my suggested colors are DMC embroidery thread colors 310, 817, Ecru, 921, 976, 3781, 612, 831, 906, 987, 601, 164, 3726, 3326. This embroidery, using long straight stitches arranged in bright and bold zig-zag patterns, is a very early form of needlework. Up Next is Bargello or Florentine Embroidery. The excellent news is that the embroidered prints and shapes. Check out the free patterns for Assisi snowflakes, bookmarks, flowers, gift patterns, a free pattern for a stocking, and a free Assisi Christmas Sampler. Also, here a variety of t-shirts that come with lovely hand-embroidered monograms, quotes, messages, name letters, and logos. Fabric to trace your pattern onto: I used a cotton unbleached muslin. Then take a short out of these 40 free embroidery patterns for beginners that will show you the personalized blankets that come with custom embroidered quotes. I originally planned on using multiple colors but ended up liking the monochromatic look so I stuck with a rich red.Ĥ. Embroidery thread : I use DMC six stranded thread. An embroidery needle: A sharp but thin embroidery needle with a medium sized eye.ģ. free embroidery sampler pattern (instructions to download are at the bottom of this post) OR buy my printed fabric. Samplers are a great route to learn or practice embroidery stitches. A 4 inch embroidery hoop: The pattern is sized perfectly to fit into a 4 inch embroidery hoop.Ģ. Discover eight available sampler patterns and creative to get started. Well let's get started! Gather up a few supplies:ġ. The printable pattern and accompanying stitch guide for this beginner hand embroidery are totally free, you’ll find a sign up box at the bottom of the post. ![]() This pattern is cute for hoop art but it would also look great on a tea towel in the kitchen or bathroom. ![]() I will take you step-by-step through the process of making it and in the end you will have a little holiday keepsake. ![]() It is a great way to learn and/or practice your stitches. To share my gratitude, I am pleased to offer this free printable embroidery pattern. ![]() |
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